Neither C++ nor C has built input and output in the language. They
use functions(C) or other I/O objects(C++).
C++ I/O class and head file
iofs stand for three head files <iostream> <fstream> and <sstream>.
<iostream> includes <ios> automatically.
three classes: iostream(streambuf), fstream(filebuf),
stringstream(stringbuf)
clog is just like cerr, but it buffer it output.
C++ normally flushes the input buffer when you press enter. For output
to the display, C++ program normally flushes the output buffer when
you transmit a newline character, or reaches an input statement.
» and « don’t need to format string, C++ will automatically, convert
it, it’s better than printf and scanf in C language.
through inheritance, fstream and cin(cout) share the same usage. Allthe knowledge can be used directly in fstream. I like it the most.
