{"id":310,"date":"2022-01-17T01:06:59","date_gmt":"2022-01-17T06:06:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zhaoyan.website\/blog\/?p=310"},"modified":"2022-01-17T01:37:59","modified_gmt":"2022-01-17T06:37:59","slug":"oop","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/zhaoyan.website\/blog\/index.php\/2022\/01\/17\/oop\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4ee5\u975e\u800d\u6d41\u6c13\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8ba8\u8bbaC++\u4e2d\u7684\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Class Animal{\n   Virtual Speak() = 0;\n}\nClass Duck: Animal{\n   Virtual Speak(){cout<<\"quack\"<<endl;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
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Class Base{\n   Virtual Do{}= 0\n};\nClass Implement1: Base{\n   Do(){do it in this way};\n}\nClass Implement2: Base{\n   Do(){do it in thatway};\n}\n\n\/\/Client code\nBase* Ibase;\nIbase->do(); \/\/<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
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Class ellipse{\n   setLongRadius(float);\n   setShortRadius(float);\n   pair<float, float> center1;\n   pair<float, float> center2;\n}\n\nClass circle{\n   setRadius(float);\n   pair<float, float> center;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u95ee\u9898\u51fa\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u6b27\u51e0\u91cc\u5f97\u9519\u4e86\uff1f \u8fd8\u662fBjarne Stroustrup\uff08C++\u4e4b\u7236\uff09\u9519\u4e86\uff1f\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u53cd\u5e94\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u6211\u9519\u4e86\u3002\u7136\u540e\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c42\u51fa\u4e0d\u7a77\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u5c31\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u65e0\u975e\u5c31\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8ba9\u57fa\u7c7b\u53d8\u5f31\uff0c\u8ba9\u5b50\u7c7b\u53d8\u5f3a\u3002\u6216\u8005\u518d\u5efa\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u62bd\u8c61\u7684shape\u57fa\u7c7b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8ba9ellipse\u548ccircle\u90fd\u7ee7\u627f\u4e8e\u5b83\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u54ea\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u90fd\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u522b\u626d\u548c\u4e0d\u81ea\u7136\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5982\u679c\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u4f53\u7cfb\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f88\u6210\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u672a\u6765\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u66f4\u662f\u5927\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002 \u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u4f53\u7cfb\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Class Animal{\n   walk();\n   speak();\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u73b0\u5728People\u548cDog\u7ee7\u627f\u4e8e\u5b83\u3002 \u8c8c\u4f3c\u975e\u5e38\u5730\u5b8c\u7f8e\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u6708\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u65b0\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u9ca8\u9c7c\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u6765\u4e86\u3002\u9c7c\u80fd\u7ee7\u627f\u4e8eAnimal\u5417\uff1f\u4e0d\u80fd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8c03\u7528Shark.walk()\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u9c7c\u660e\u660e\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cdAnimal\u5417\uff1f\u6ca1\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9519\u7684\uff0cC++\u8bed\u8a00\u4e5f\u662f\u6ca1\u9519\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u6211\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u5bf9\u3002\u6211\u5e94\u8be5\u518d\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u7c7b\uff0c\u9c7c\u7c7b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628aswim\u8fd9\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u653e\u5230\u9c7c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4e2d\u3002\u770b\u7740\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6539\u53d8\u7c7b\u4f53\u7cfb\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e8b\u60c5\u4f1a\u5bf9\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e26\u6765\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\uff08\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u9700\u8981\u6539\u5199\u548c\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8bd1\u3002\uff09\u4f46\u662f\u4f60\u76f8\u4fe1\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u662f\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u6708\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u9cb8\u9c7c\u6765\u4e86\u3002\u6ca1\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u53cc\u7ee7\u627f\u53bb\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\uff08\u4e00\u65e6\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u53cc\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u4f60\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u8865\u4e01\u4e86\u3002\uff09\u9cb8\u9c7c\u540c\u65f6\u7ee7\u627f\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u7c7b\u548c\u9c7c\u7c7b\uff0c\u4e5f\u7b97\u6682\u65f6\u8fc7\u5173\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u6708\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u9e2d\u5b50\u6765\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4f30\u8ba1\u4f60\u5feb\u75af\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u80fdwalk, speak \u548cswim\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5230\u5e95\u5e94\u8be5\u653e\u5230\u54ea\u91cc\u5462\uff1f\u771f\u6ca1\u60f3\u5230\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e00\u4e2a\u9e2d\u5b50\u4f24\u5bb3\u5230\u3002 \u5176\u5b9e\u4f60\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2a\u4f8b\u3002 Linux\u4e4b\u7236\u70ae\u8f70\u8fc7C++\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u73b0\u5728\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4f1f\u5927\uff0c\u5149\u660e\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7c7b\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u4e24\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u4fee\u590d\u8d77\u6765\u6210\u672c\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6574\u4e2a\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b9e\u73b0\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u7c7b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u96be\u4e8e\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u7ee7\u627f\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u8026\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f3a\u8026\u5408\u4f7f\u5f97\u6574\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u5927\u5768\uff0c\u7275\u4e00\u53d1\u800c\u52a8\u5168\u8eab\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6211\u4eec\u4e0a\u9762\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u73a9\u5177\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u4f60\u80fd\u5bf9\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u6709\u6240\u4f53\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f20\u7edf\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\uff08\u6211\u662f\u6307\u90a3\u79cd\u4e0a\u6765\u5c31\u53bb\u8bbe\u8ba1\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7c7b\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u548c\u7ee7\u627f\u4f53\u7cfb\uff09\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\u628a\u4eba\u7c7b\u65e5\u5e38\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7167\u642c\u5230\u7f16\u7a0b\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u7684\u3002\u518d\u8be6\u7ec6\u70b9\u8bf4\uff0cis-a\u5173\u7cfb\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5730\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7f16\u7a0b\u9886\u57df\uff0cis-substituable(\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u5173\u7cfb)\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u3002\u5728Python\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u601d\u60f3\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8d2f\u5f7b\u548c\u4f53\u73b0\u3002Python\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u6709\u8457\u540d\u7684(duck type)\u9e2d\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u4f60\u53eb\u8d77\u6765\u8c61\u9e2d\u5b50\uff0c\u8d70\u8def\u50cf\u9e2d\u5b50\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u4ee3\u9e2d\u5b50\u3002 \u81f3\u4e8e\u4f60\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4e0dcare\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u8bbais-substituable\uff08\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u5173\u7cfb\uff09\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u662f\u6784\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u7c7b\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u6f02\u4eae\u5e76\u4e14\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u4f53\u7cfb\u5417\uff1f\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\uff01\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u9700\u8981\u591a\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u914d\u5408\uff0c\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u5404\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u80fd\u591f\u5f7c\u6b64\u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f\uff08A\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ed9B\u5bf9\u8c61\u53d1\u6d88\u606f\u5c31\u662fA\u5bf9\u8c61\u8c03\u7528B\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\uff09\u73b0\u4ee3\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5c31\u662f\u8f7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u5206\u7c7b\u4f53\u7cfb\uff08\u5c11\u7528\u7ee7\u627f\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u91cd\u89c6\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u52a0\u6301\uff0c\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4\u5c31\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5f7c\u6b64\u5408\u4f5c\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\u95f4\u8c03\u7528\u5f7c\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e00\u65e6\u6211\u4eec\u628ais-a\u5173\u7cfb\u6362\u6210is-substituable\uff08\u53ef\u66ff\u6362\u5173\u7cfb\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6539\u9020<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u8981\u5fd8\u8bb0\uff0cC++\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u9759\u6001\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5c31\u8bed\u8a00\u6280\u672f\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u4e0d\u80fd\u50cfPython\u8bed\u8a00\u90a3\u6837\u76f4\u63a5\u5730\u652f\u6301\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u9e2d\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\uff09\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\u611f\u8c22C++\u7684generic\u7f16\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u7ed9\u73b0\u4ee3C++\u8bed\u8a00\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u4e00\u6247\u65b0\u7684\u5927\u95e8\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u7528\u4f7f\u7528\u7ee7\u627f\u4e5f\u80fd\u652f\u6301\u6cdb\u578b\u548c\u591a\u6001\uff08\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u95f4\u7684\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684C++\u8bed\u8a00\u5bf9\u6cdb\u578b\u7684\u652f\u6301\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u5bf9\u591a\u6001\u7684\u652f\u6301\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bf4\uff0cC++11\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662fC++\/14\/17\/20\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u8fdb\u6b65\u548c\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6280\u672f\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u6539\u9020<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u90fd\u6539\u9020\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8be5\u4e0a\u7801\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f62\u72b6\u6c42\u9762\u79ef\u3002 \u6211\u4f1a\u9996\u5148\u7ed9\u51fa\u57fa\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u7ed9\u51fa\u73b0\u4ee3\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u9996\u5148\u662f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f62\u72b6\u7684\u57fa\u7c7b\uff0c \u7136\u540e\u6d3e\u751f\u51fa\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\uff0c \u692d\u5706\uff0c\u5706\u5f62\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Class Shape{\n   virtual getArea() = 0;\n}\nClass Rectangle: public Shape{\n   setLength(float);\n   setHight(float);\n   virtual getArea(){return length* hight;}\n}\nClass Triangle: publich Shape{\n   ....\n}\nfloat getShapeArea(Shape* ptr_shape){\n   return ptr_shape->getArea();\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u4ee3\u7801\u76f8\u5f53\u6807\u51c6\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u8fc7\u591a\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u4e0a\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7684\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5706\u5f62\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u692d\u5706\uff1f\u70b9\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2a\u5f62\u72b6\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u597d\u5427\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u73b0\u4ee3\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u601d\u8def\u53bb\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u770b\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Template<typename T>\nfloat getTArea(T t){\n   return t.getArea();\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u677f\u4e86\u5c31\u5b9e\u73b0\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u9700\u8981T\u4e00\u5b9a\u662fShape\u7c7b\u578b\u4e86\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u5730\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u9762\u79ef\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e0a\uff0c\u67d0\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578bT\u6709\u53ef\u66ff\u6362\u6027\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002 \u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u6ca1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u692d\u5706\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5706\u5f62\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u4ee5\u540e\u5c31\u7b97\u662f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e863D\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5b83\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u9762\u79ef\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e0a\u6709\u53ef\u66ff\u6362\u6027\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u6539\uff0c\u4f60\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u52a0\u5165\u65b0\u7c7b\u5c31\u884c\u4e86\u3002\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6bd4\u8d77Shape\u57fa\u7c7b\uff0cT\u4e5f\u662f\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728C++\u7f16\u8bd1\u5e76\u4e14\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u68c0\u67e5\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u7684T\u7c7b\u578b\u652f\u4e0d\u652f\u6301getArea()\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5728C++20\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u662f\u5f15\u5165\u4e86concept\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4f7f\u5f97\u5bf9\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u9759\u6001\u68c0\u67e5\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u5355\u548c\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
template <typename T>\nconcept supportArea = requires(T v)\n{\n    v.getArea()\n};\nTemplate<supportArea T> \/\/supportArea is concept\nfloat getTArea(T t){\n   return t.getArea();\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u7ea0\u7ed3\u5706\u5f62\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u692d\u5706\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u53ef\u66ff\u6362\u6027\u4e0a\u518d\u524d\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u4f60\u60f3\u5f97\u5230\u9762\u79ef\uff0c\u6211\u7ed9\u4f60\u9762\u79ef\u5c31\u5f97\u4e86\uff0c\u81f3\u4e8e\u6211\u600e\u4e48\u7b97\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u7528\u62c5\u5fc3\u3002\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u6709getArea()\u51fd\u6570\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6211\u628a\u9762\u79ef\u8fd4\u8fd8\u7ed9\u4f60\u6211\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u6027\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6709\u4e2a\u5706\u5f62\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u6c42\u9762\u79ef\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u5706\u5f62\u4e2d\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u73b0getArea()\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6ca1\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u77e9\u5f62\u66ff\u6362\u5706\u5f62\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u9762\u79ef\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u89e3\u8d77\u6765\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u5f62\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u77e9\u5f62\uff0c\u53c2\u8003\u4e0b\u56fe<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u6709\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3C++\u8bed\u8a00\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d77\u6765\u4e5f\u4e0d\u96be\u3002\u53c2\u770b\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Template<Typename T> \nfloat getTArea(T t){\n  if constexpr(Is_Circle<T>::value){\n     auto getArea = [](auto& t){\n           Rectangle r;\n           r.setLengh(pi*t.Radius);\n           r.setHigth(t.Radius);\n           return r.getArea();\n          }\uff1b\n      return getArea();      \n  }\n  else{\n     return t.getArea();\n  }  \n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u7528\u5230\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u7684C++14\/17\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982if constexpr\uff0clambda\u548c type_trait\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u9650\u4e8e\u7bc7\u5e45\u6211\u4e0d\u591a\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7b80\u5355\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e0b\u601d\u60f3\uff1a\u9996\u5148\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aIs_Circle<T> type_trait\u7c7b\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5224\u65adT\u662f\u5426\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u5f62\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u77e9\u5f62\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u77e9\u5f62\u7684\u957f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3api*r\uff0c\u628a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3ar\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5229\u7528\u77e9\u5f62\u7684\u6c42\u9762\u79ef\u516c\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u5706\u5f62\u7684\u9762\u79ef\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u5706\u5f62\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u7c7b\u578bT\u81ea\u5df1\u7684getArea\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u6c42\u9762\u79ef\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5728\u8bed\u4e49\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u6ee1\u8db3\u53ef\u66ff\u6362\u6027\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4e00\u4e2a\u77e9\u5f62\u6240\u66ff\u4ee3\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5f7b\u5e95\u6446\u8131\u4e86\u6709\u6ca1\u6709getArea()\u51fd\u6570\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bed\u6cd5\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u600e\u4e48\u6837\uff0c\u591f\u9177\u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\u6700\u540e\u603b\u7ed3\u4e00\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1\uff09\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u57fa\u4e8eIs-a\u5173\u7cfb\u8bbe\u8ba1\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u800c\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u5173\u7cfb\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u95f4\u80fd\u591f\u9ad8\u6548\u5f7c\u6b64\u534f\u4f5c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2) \u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u8bed\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u8bed\u6cd5\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u6709\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8bed\u4e49\u4e0a\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u5c31\u884c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5706\u5f62\u5373\u4f7f\u6ca1\u6709getArea\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u77e9\u5f62\u66ff\u4ee3\uff08\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u9762\u79ef\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff09\u3002\u800c\u6709\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0a\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u4ee3\uff0c\u4f46\u662fpostcondition\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u66ff\u4ee3\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9e2d\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3\uff09\u5229\u7528\u73b0\u4ee3C++\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u57fa\u4e8egeneric programming\u8bed\u8a00\u7279\u6027\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0a\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u610f\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4\uff09\u73b0\u4ee3\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u6392\u65a5\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u90a3\u79cd\u6ca1\u6709\u9644\u52a0\u6210\u672c\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fd8\u662f\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u6570\u503c\u5bf9\u8c61\u62bd\u8c61\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u5f62\u662f\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\u6211\u4eec\u7f16\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u9644\u52a0\u6210\u672c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53cd\u5bf9\u7684\u662f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7c7b\u5206\u7c7b\u548c\u7ee7\u627f\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
  1. Inheritance \u2014 Proper Inheritance and Substitutability, C++ FAQ (isocpp.org)<\/a><\/li>
  2. Linux\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7f16\u7a0b (\u8c46\u74e3) (douban.com)<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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