{"id":244,"date":"2018-06-01T16:44:43","date_gmt":"2018-06-01T21:44:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zhaoyan.website\/blog\/?p=244"},"modified":"2020-12-05T02:24:47","modified_gmt":"2020-12-05T07:24:47","slug":"fbe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/zhaoyan.website\/blog\/index.php\/2018\/06\/01\/fbe\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6211\u7684\u5973\u670b\u53cb\u6f0f\u7535\u4e86–\u8bbaC++\u4e2d\u7684\u5931\u8d25(failure)\uff0c\u7f3a\u9677(bug)\u548c\u5f02\u5e38(exception)"},"content":{"rendered":"

—–\u8d75\u5ca9<\/p>\n

\u5148\u505a\u4e2a\u5e7f\u544a\u7f6e\u5165\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u559c\u6b22\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5230 zhaoyan.website\/blog<\/a> \u53bb\u67e5\u770b\u4e8e\u6b64\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684C\/C++\u6587\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u627f\u8ba4\u6709\u70b9\u6807\u9898\u515a\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u771f\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u7bc7\u5199\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u62bd\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u5f20\u9762\u5dfe\u7eb8\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8d81\u65e9\u518d\u628a\u5b83\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u653e\u56de\u53bb\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6587\u7ae0\u5f88\u8f6f\uff0c\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u662f\u4f2a\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5f88\u9002\u5408\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u770b\u3002\u6211\u7279\u522b\u63a8\u8350\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u521d\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u628a\u7eb8\u5dfe\u653e\u56de\u53bb\u540e\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u770b\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u628a\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u7406\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5148\u8bf4\u5931\u8d25\uff08failure\uff09\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u79cd\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a
\n—————————————
\nint l1 = 0;
\nll= 23; \/\/compile fail
\nint a[10];
\na[10] = l1; \/\/run time fail
\nif(l1=1){
\n\u2026 \/\/ result fail.
\n}
\n——————————————
\n\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u7f16\u8bd1\u5931\u8d25\u7406\u89e3\u6210\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u806a\u660e\u7684\u4e00\u5806\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u5728\u5e2e\u4f60\u5ba1\u6838\u4f60\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5ba1\u6838\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u63d0\u9192\u4f60\u5728\u9020\u6210\u4e25\u91cd\u9519\u8bef\u4e4b\u524d\u4fee\u6539\u4f60\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5355\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u770b\uff0cC++\u4e5f\u6bd4\u4e00\u4e9b\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u66f4\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u6e90\u7801\u4e2d\u4f60\u60f3\u628a\u53d8\u91cfl1\u4fee\u6539\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u7b14\u8bef\u5199\u6210\u4e86ll\u3002C++\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4f60\u5927\u543c\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662fPython\u4e00\u58f0\u4e5f\u4e0d\u542d\uff0c\u770b\u4f60\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u5019\u7684\u7b11\u8bdd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd0\u884c\u5931\u8d25\u662f\u6307\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e86\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5f53\u4f60\u8fd0\u884c\u5b83\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5b83crash\u4e86\uff0c\u6302\u4e86\uff0c\u6b7b\u4e86\uff0ckick the bucket\u4e86\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f60\u6700\u7ecf\u5e38\u770b\u89c1\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5c31\u662f\u8bbf\u95ee\u8d8a\u754c\u5185\u5b58\u5e26\u6765\u7684Segmentation Fault\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf7\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff1a\u7537\u4eba\u5934\uff0c\u5973\u4eba\u8170\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u8d8a\u754c\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u8fd9\u4e09\u6837\u4e1c\u897f\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u8981\u6478\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u6302\u6389\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6bd4\u8d77\u7ed3\u679c\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd0\u884c\u5931\u8d25\u662f\u591a\u4e48\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u3002\u4e0a\u9762\u7684if\u8bed\u53e5\u662fC++\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u4f60\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7f16\u8bd1\u6b63\u5e38\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u6b63\u5e38\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u5bf9\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u4f60\u8fd8\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u539f\u56e0\u6240\u5728\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u662fC++\u7684\u6570\u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\u6ea2\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u5728C++\u4e2d\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u8457\u540d\u7684\u201c\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u201d\u3002 C++\u6807\u51c6\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e50\u89c2\u7684\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u6211\u201c\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5929\u624d\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u4f1a\u53d1\u660e\u4e00\u79cd\u6700\u806a\u660e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\uff1a\u5929\u624d\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u662f\u6700\u61d2\u60f0\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\uff01\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u201c\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5e72\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u5230\u5e95\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u9b3c\u77e5\u9053\uff01\uff01\uff01<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8fd8\u6ca1\u770b\u61c2\uff0c\u6ca1\u5173\u7cfb\uff01\u6211\u518d\u7ed9\u4f60\u4e3e\u4e86\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u5973\u670b\u53cb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c31\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u6709\u4e2a\u5973\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u7b2c\u4e00\u5929\u5c31\u53bb\u6478\u4eba\u5bb6\u5973\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u8170\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u8fd8\u771f\u662f\u548c\u5c1a\u6478\u5f97\uff0c\u4f60\u5374\u6478\u4e0d\u5f97\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5973\u670b\u53cb\u6124\u7136\u79bb\u53bb\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5e94\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5f53\u7136\u5c31\u662f\u7ed3\u679c\u9519\u8bef\u4e86\u3002\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\u5973\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5929\u4ed6\u53bb\u6478\u4eba\u5bb6\u7684\u8170\uff0c\u5973\u5b69\u5b50\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6ca1\u6709\u751f\u6c14\uff0c\u8fd8\u5a07\u7f9e\u7684\u628a\u5934\u9760\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u7684\u80a9\u65c1\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8ba8\u538c\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u521a\u624d\u628a\u4eba\u5bb6\u6478\u6000\u5b55\u4e86\u5566\uff01\u201d<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u5c3d\u65e9\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u5973\u670b\u53cb\u662f\u5426\u73af\u5b55\uff1f\u4e0d\u5bf9\uff0c\u6211\u8bf4\u9519\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u60f3\u8bf4\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u65e9\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u5931\u8d25\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u7f3a\u9677\uff08bug\uff09\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u5f02\u5e38\uff08exception, error\uff09\u3002\u597d\u591a\u4eba\u641e\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4e0a\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a
\n———————————
\nString key = name;
\nIf(key = \u201cYan\u201d){
\nhandle = openFile(key);
\nsalary = handle.read();
\n}
\n———————————
\n\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6211\u8bf4\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u5c31\u662fbug\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5e38\u8bf4\u7684\u866b\u5b50\u3002\u7f3a\u9677\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7f3a\u9677\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7f3a\u9677\u3002\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u540d\u5b57\u6765\u505a\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u952e\u503c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u660e\u663e\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7f3a\u9677\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u558a\u4e00\u58f0\u201c\u72d7\u86cb\u201d\uff0c\u4f1a\u6709\u597d\u591a\u540c\u4e8b\u7b54\u5e94\u7684\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u7f3a\u9677\u6211\u4eec\u4e0a\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fc7\uff0ckey==\u201cYan\u201d\u5199\u6210\u4e86\u201ckey=Yan\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u3002
\n\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u5c3d\u65e9\u7684\u53d1\u73b0bug\u5462\uff1f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u725b\u903c\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u5c31\u662funit test\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7C++\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662fassert\u3002Assert\u7528\u6cd5\u662f\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u770b\u5b83\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u73b0\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u3002
\n—————————————
\nPrintSalary(string name, int salary){
\nAssert(name == \u201cYan\u201d && salary<=200,000);
\n}
\n————————————-<\/p>\n

Assert\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7406\u5ff5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u6210\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\uff1a\u201c\u53cd\u5e38\u5fc5\u6709\u5996\u201d\u3002\u4e0a\u9762\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u662f\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u73b0Yan\u8d5a\u7684\u94b1\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e8620\u4e07\uff0c\u90a3\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u54ea\u91cc\u51fa\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u4f60\u53d1\u73b0\u4f60\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u798f\u5e03\u65af\u5bcc\u8c6a\u699c\u4e0a\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u5bcc\u8c6a\u699c\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u5370\u9519\u4e86\u3002\u4f60\u6700\u597d\u590d\u67e5\u4e00\u4e0b\u8ba1\u7b97\u85aa\u6c34\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u518d\u9605\u8bfb\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e0a\u9762\u8ba1\u7b97salary\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u662f\u91cd\u540d\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7f3a\u9677\u548cif\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u7f3a\u9677\u624d\u8ba9Yan\u7684salary\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5173\u4e8eassert,\u6709\u4e09\u70b9\u9700\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u653eassert\u548c\u7528assert\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ec0\u4e48? \u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u539f\u5219\u5c31\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u503c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u4e0a\u5219\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u628aassert\u60f3\u8c61\u6210\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u3002\u8981\u68c0\u9a8c\u4e00\u8f86\u8f66\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u77e5\u9053\u54ea\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u653e\u4f20\u611f\u5668\uff0c\u7528\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u68c0\u6d4b\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u800c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u7684\u5973\u670b\u53cb\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u989c\u8272\u6211\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\uff01<\/p>\n

\u5173\u4e8eassert \u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u70b9\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53d1\u5e03\u7248\u4e2d\uff0cassert\u662f\u5931\u6548\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f66\u51fa\u5382\u524d\u624d\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u6765\u53d1\u73b0\u5404\u79cd\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u4e00\u4f46\u53d1\u73b0\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u627e\u5230\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5e76\u4fee\u6b63\u5b83\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u96f6\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u4f60\u624d\u5e94\u8be5\u628a\u8f66\u51fa\u5382\u53bb\u4e70\u624d\u5bf9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7528\u6237\u53bb\u4e70\u8f66\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u8f66\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u7528\u6237\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u4f53\u9a8c\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\u5c31\u7b97\u662f\u7528\u6237\u53d1\u73b0\u8f66\u6f0f\u6cb9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f60\u8ba9\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf4assert\u53ea\u662f\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u7528\u4e8e\u4ea7\u54c1\u51fa\u5382\u524d\u68c0\u6d4b\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u6700\u7ec8\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u96f6\u7f3a\u9677\u53ea\u662f\u4f20\u8bf4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8f66\u5382\u6709\u53ec\u56de\uff0c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u516c\u53f8\u6709\u8865\u4e01\u3002<\/p>\n

Assert\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u70b9\u662f\u73b0\u5728c++\u652f\u6301static _assert\u4e86\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u53d1\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u5370\u8bc1\u4e86\u6211\u524d\u9762\u8bf4\u8fc7\u7684\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5931\u8d25\u8981\u597d\u4e8e\u8fd0\u884c\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n

———————————–Static_assert(sizeof(int)>2)
\n————————————–<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u6765\u770b\u770b\u8ba1\u7b97\u85aa\u6c34\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u770b\u770bOpenFile\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u6253\u4e0d\u5f00\u6709\u592a\u591a\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u591f\uff0c\u540d\u5b57\u4e0d\u5bf9\uff0c\u522b\u4eba\u7ed9\u5220\u6389\u4e86\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u56e0\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u7528try catch\u6355\u6349\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6839\u636e\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u505a\u51fa\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u591a\u53d1\u751f\u5728IO\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u94fe\u63a5\u548c\u7528\u6237\u4ea4\u4e92\u4e0a\u3002\u5b83\u548cassert\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u7528\u597d\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002\u4e0eassert\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u53d1\u5e03\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u8f66\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c \u8f66\u6f0f\u6cb9\u662f\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8f66\u80ce\u624e\u4e86\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u5728\u5e73\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u65f6\u523b\u51c6\u5907\u7740\u6355\u6349\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u5e76\u505a\u51fa\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5b83\u548c\u7f3a\u9677\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002
\n—————————————–
\nAssert(car doesn\u2019t leak);<\/p>\n

Try{
\nDrive on a nail;
\n}
\nCatch(\u201cflat tire\u201d){
\nReplace spare tire;
\n}
\n——————————————–
\n\u6ca1\u770b\u61c2\u5417\uff1f\u6ca1\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u548c\u5973\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u5427\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0a\u6587\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u81ea\u4ece\u628a\u5973\u670b\u53cb\u6478\u73af\u5b55\u540e\u6709\u70b9\u6015\u6015\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u51b3\u5b9a\u4ece\u65e5\u672c\u4e70\u4e00\u4e2a\u578b\u53f7\u4e3a\u201c\u82cd\u4e95-\u739b\u4e3d\u4e9a\u201d\u7684\u5973\u670b\u53cb\u3002\u62ff\u5230\u8d27\u540e\u5f88\u5feb\u53d1\u73b0\u5973\u670b\u53cb\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6f0f\u6c14\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6f0f\u7535\uff01\u6f0f\u6c14\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\uff0c\u660e\u663e\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5f02\u5e38\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5373\u4f7f\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6f0f\u6c14\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6b63\u5e38\u5730\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u822c\u5382\u5bb6\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u80f6\u6c34\u6765\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u6f0f\u7535\u8fd9\u660e\u663e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2abug\uff0c\u5382\u5bb6\u662f\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u5728\u51fa\u5382\u524d\u5c31\u53d1\u73b0\u5e76\u4fee\u6b63\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u5382\u5bb6\u662f\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u628a\u8fd9\u4e00\u4ea7\u54c1\u51fa\u5382\u6765\u4e70\u7684\u3002\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5411\u5382\u5bb6\u62a5\u544a\u8fd9\u4e00\u7f3a\u9677(bug)\u3002\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u6536\u5230\u5382\u5bb6\u7684\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u5f0f\u7684\u56de\u590d\uff1a\u201cIt\u2019s not a bug, It\u2019s a feature!\u201d\u3002\u6211\u8fd8\u771f\u7684\u627f\u8ba4\u3002\u5973\u670b\u53cb\u6f0f\u7535\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\uff0c\u4eba\u5bb6\u8bf4\u662ffeature(\u7279\u6027)\uff0cMake sense\uff08\u6ca1\u6bdb\u75c5\uff09!<\/p>\n

\u5f02\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5927\u7684topic\uff0c\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u6211\u7684\u4e24\u672c\u4e66\u300aC\u8bed\u8a00\u70b9\u6ef4\u300b<\/a>\u548c\u300aDrop of knowledge of C++\u300b<\/a> \u3002\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u548c\u5973\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u4f60\u80fd\u8bb0\u4f4f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u70b9\uff1a
\n1\uff09\u7f16\u8bd1\u5931\u8d25\u597d\u4e8e\u8fd0\u884c\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u5931\u8d25\u597d\u4e8e\u7ed3\u679c\u5931\u8d25\u3002
\n2\uff09\u5931\u8d25\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u7f3a\u9677\u548c\u5f02\u5e38\u9020\u6210\u3002
\n3\uff09\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f3a\u9677(bug)\uff0c\u7528assert\u548c\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u671f\u95f4\u5c3d\u65e9\u53d1\u73b0\u5e76\u4fee\u6b63\u3002
\n4\uff09\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f02\u5e38(exception)\uff0c\u7528try catch \u5728\u4ea7\u54c1\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5168\u7a0b\u6355\u6349\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u3002
\n5\uff09\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u5c31\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u627e\u5973\u670b\u53cb\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

—–\u8d75\u5ca9 \u5148\u505a\u4e2a\u5e7f\u544a\u7f6e\u5165\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u559c\u6b22\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5230 zhaoyan.website\/blog \u53bb\u67e5\u770b\u4e8e\u6b64\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684C\/C++\u6587\u7ae0\u3002 \u6211\u627f\u8ba4\u6709\u70b9\u6807\u9898\u515a\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u771f\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u7bc7\u5199\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u62bd\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u5f20\u9762\u5dfe\u7eb8\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8d81\u65e9\u518d\u628a\u5b83\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u653e\u56de\u53bb\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6587\u7ae0\u5f88\u8f6f\uff0c\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u662f\u4f2a\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5f88\u9002\u5408\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u770b\u3002\u6211\u7279\u522b\u63a8\u8350\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u521d\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u628a\u7eb8\u5dfe\u653e\u56de\u53bb\u540e\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u770b\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u628a\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u7406\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002 \u5148\u8bf4\u5931\u8d25\uff08failure\uff09\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u79cd\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a ————————————— int l1 = 0; ll= 23; \/\/compile fail int a[10]; a[10] = l1; \/\/run time fail if(l1=1){ \u2026 \/\/ result fail. } —————————————— \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u7f16\u8bd1\u5931\u8d25\u7406\u89e3\u6210\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u806a\u660e\u7684\u4e00\u5806\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u5728\u5e2e\u4f60\u5ba1\u6838\u4f60\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5ba1\u6838\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u63d0\u9192\u4f60\u5728\u9020\u6210\u4e25\u91cd\u9519\u8bef\u4e4b\u524d\u4fee\u6539\u4f60\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5355\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u770b\uff0cC++\u4e5f\u6bd4\u4e00\u4e9b\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u66f4\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u6e90\u7801\u4e2d\u4f60\u60f3\u628a\u53d8\u91cfl1\u4fee\u6539\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u7b14\u8bef\u5199\u6210\u4e86ll\u3002C++\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4f60\u5927\u543c\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662fPython\u4e00\u58f0\u4e5f\u4e0d\u542d\uff0c\u770b\u4f60\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u5019\u7684\u7b11\u8bdd\u3002 \u8fd0\u884c\u5931\u8d25\u662f\u6307\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e86\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5f53\u4f60\u8fd0\u884c\u5b83\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5b83crash\u4e86\uff0c\u6302\u4e86\uff0c\u6b7b\u4e86\uff0ckick the bucket\u4e86\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f60\u6700\u7ecf\u5e38\u770b\u89c1\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5c31\u662f\u8bbf\u95ee\u8d8a\u754c\u5185\u5b58\u5e26\u6765\u7684Segmentation Fault\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf7\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff1a\u7537\u4eba\u5934\uff0c\u5973\u4eba\u8170\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u8d8a\u754c\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u8fd9\u4e09\u6837\u4e1c\u897f\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u8981\u6478\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u6302\u6389\u3002 \u6bd4\u8d77\u7ed3\u679c\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd0\u884c\u5931\u8d25\u662f\u591a\u4e48\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u3002\u4e0a\u9762\u7684if\u8bed\u53e5\u662fC++\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u4f60\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7f16\u8bd1\u6b63\u5e38\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u6b63\u5e38\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u5bf9\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u4f60\u8fd8\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u539f\u56e0\u6240\u5728\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u662fC++\u7684\u6570\u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\u6ea2\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u5728C++\u4e2d\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u8457\u540d\u7684\u201c\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u201d\u3002 C++\u6807\u51c6\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e50\u89c2\u7684\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u6211\u201c\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5929\u624d\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u4f1a\u53d1\u660e\u4e00\u79cd\u6700\u806a\u660e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\uff1a\u5929\u624d\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u662f\u6700\u61d2\u60f0\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\uff01\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u201c\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5e72\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u5230\u5e95\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u9b3c\u77e5\u9053\uff01\uff01\uff01 \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8fd8\u6ca1\u770b\u61c2\uff0c\u6ca1\u5173\u7cfb\uff01\u6211\u518d\u7ed9\u4f60\u4e3e\u4e86\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u5973\u670b\u53cb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c31\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u6709\u4e2a\u5973\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u7b2c\u4e00\u5929\u5c31\u53bb\u6478\u4eba\u5bb6\u5973\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u8170\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u8fd8\u771f\u662f\u548c\u5c1a\u6478\u5f97\uff0c\u4f60\u5374\u6478\u4e0d\u5f97\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5973\u670b\u53cb\u6124\u7136\u79bb\u53bb\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5e94\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5f53\u7136\u5c31\u662f\u7ed3\u679c\u9519\u8bef\u4e86\u3002\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\u5973\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5929\u4ed6\u53bb\u6478\u4eba\u5bb6\u7684\u8170\uff0c\u5973\u5b69\u5b50\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6ca1\u6709\u751f\u6c14\uff0c\u8fd8\u5a07\u7f9e\u7684\u628a\u5934\u9760\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u7684\u80a9\u65c1\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8ba8\u538c\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u521a\u624d\u628a\u4eba\u5bb6\u6478\u6000\u5b55\u4e86\u5566\uff01\u201d \u73b0\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u5c3d\u65e9\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u5973\u670b\u53cb\u662f\u5426\u73af\u5b55\uff1f\u4e0d\u5bf9\uff0c\u6211\u8bf4\u9519\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u60f3\u8bf4\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u65e9\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u5931\u8d25\uff1f \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u7f3a\u9677\uff08bug\uff09\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u5f02\u5e38\uff08exception, error\uff09\u3002\u597d\u591a\u4eba\u641e\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4e0a\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a ——————————— String key = name; 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